The Seasonal Agricultural Survey 2023 annual report by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) highlighted the performance of major crops that Rwanda prioritises under the Crop Intensification Programme (CIP). The crops play a major role in Rwandans’ nutrition. The report covers three primary agricultural seasons in Rwanda. The main agricultural seasons include Season A, which spanned from September 2022 to February 2023, Season B which started from March to June 2023, and Season C which started from July to September 2023. The survey results are useful to monitor the current agricultural and food supply conditions and facilitate evidence-based decision-making for the development of the agricultural sector, according to NISR. Below is the performance of five major crops under CIP, including their cultivation area, production, and yield in the year under review: Maize The cultivated area for maize was estimated at 226,982 hectares in 2023 season A, an increase of 3.3 per cent when compared to the same season of 2022. In season B, the cultivated area for the crop was estimated at 93,927 hectares, a rise of 15 per cent when compared to the season B of 2022. According to the survey estimates, overall, more than 508,000 tonnes of maize were produced in the 2023 farming year, according to estimates from the survey. The average yield of maize in 2023 was 1.7 tonnes per hectare in season A of 2023, while it was 1.3 tonnes per hectare in season B. This is almost 11 per cent higher than over 458,500 tonnes of maize produced in 2022, as per the 2022 survey by NISR.